From: Subject: EPA > Wetlands > Clean Water Act Definition of "Waters of the United States" Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2008 23:25:15 -0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C95730.BAAFCD20" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C95730.BAAFCD20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/guidance/CWAwaters.html EPA > Wetlands > Clean Water Act Definition of = "Waters of the United States"

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Clean Water Act Definition of = "Waters of=20 the United States"

This page is designed to provide updates and background = information regarding the scope of "Waters=20 of the United States" protected under the Clean Water=20 Act.

On June 5, 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and = the=20 Department of the Army issued guidance clarifying Clean Water Act = (CWA)=20 jurisdiction following the U.S. Supreme Court=92s decision in the=20 consolidated cases Rapanos v. United States and = Carabell v.=20 United States. The agencies received 66,047 public comments = on the=20 Rapanos Guidance (65,765 form letters, 282 non-form = letters),=20 from States, environmental and conservation organizations, = regulated=20 entities, industry associations, and the general public. EPA and = the=20 Department of the Army jointly reviewed the comments and released = a=20 revised version of the guidance on December 2, 2008 in = consideration of=20 those comments and consistent with the agencies' experience = implementing=20 the guidance. The revised guidance and a set of questions and = answers on=20 the guidance are posted below.

  • Clean=20 Water Act Jurisdiction Following the U.S. Supreme Court's = Decision in=20 Rapanos v. United States & Carabell v. United = States=20 (PDF) December 2, 2008 (13 pp, 1.1MB, = About PDF)=20
  • Questions=20 and Answers Regarding the Revised Rapanos &=20 Carabell Guidance (PDF) (3 = pp, 70KB,=20 About = PDF)=20
  • Agencies=20 Revise Guidance to Protect Wetlands and Streams - 12/03/08 = News=20 Release=20
  • Response=20 to Comments "Clean Water Act Jurisdiction Following the Supreme = Court's=20 Decision in Rapanos v. United States & Carabell = v.=20 United States Guidance" (PDF) (7 = pp, 71KB,=20 About = PDF)=20
  • The agencies accepted public comments on the Rapanos = guidance until=20 January 20, 2008. Use http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main= =3DDocketDetail&d=3DEPA-HQ-OW-2007-0282=20 to access guidance comments (Docket number EPA-HQ-OW-2007-0282). =
  • June 2007 Legal Memorandum (PDF) (12 pp, = 149K, About PDF) = discussing Clean=20 Water Act Jurisdiction Following the U.S. Supreme Court Decision = in=20 Rapanos v. United States & Carabell v. United = States.=20
  • June 2007 Memorandum of Agreement (PDF) (7 = pp, 131K,=20 About PDF) = regarding=20 Coordination on Jurisdictional Determinations under Clean Water = Act=20 Section 404 in Light of the SWANCC and Rapanos = Supreme=20 Court Decisions.
  • For additional information, consult the A= rmy=20 Corps of Engineers Regulatory Program=20
  • January 2003 Legal Memorandum (PDF) (4 pp, = 54K, About PDF) = discussing the=20 scope of the Clean Water Act jurisdiction in light of the = SWANCC=20 ruling and related court decisions.

Definition of "Waters of the United=20 States"

40 CFR 230.3(s) The term waters of the United = States=20 means:=20

  1. All waters which are currently used, or were used in the = past, or=20 may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, = including=20 all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;=20
  2. All interstate waters including interstate wetlands;=20
  3. All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams=20 (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, = sloughs, prairiepotholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural = ponds,=20 the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect = interstate or=20 foreign commerce including any such waters:=20
      (i) Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign = travelers=20 for recreational or other purposes; or
      (ii) From which = fish or=20 shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or = foreign=20 commerce; or
      (iii) Which are used or could be used for = industrial=20 purposes by industries in interstate commerce;
  4. All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of = the United=20 States under this definition;=20
  5. Tributaries of waters identified inparagraphs (s)(1) through = (4) of=20 this section;=20
  6. The territorial sea;=20
  7. Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are = themselves=20 wetlands) identified in paragraphs (s)(1) through (6) of this = section;=20 waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons = designed=20 to meet the requirements of CWA (other than cooling ponds as = defined in=20 40 CFR 423.11(m) which also meet the criteria of this = definition) are=20 not waters of the United States.

Waters of the United States do not include prior converted = cropland.=20 Notwithstanding the determination of an area=92s status as prior = converted=20 cropland by any other federal agency, for the purposes of the = Clean Water=20 Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction = remains=20 with EPA.

Relevant Studies & Data

  • Map of perennial stream length as a percentage of total = stream=20 length by watershed: Low=20 Resolution (659 Kb) or High=20 Resolution (2.22 Mb)=20
  • Journal of the American Water Resources = Association=92s=20 featured collection on the hydrological = connectivity of headwater streams and their contributions to the = integrity of downstream waters 3D"Exit=20
  • Environmental Law Institute's Clean = Water=20 Jurisidictional Handbook provides an analysis of relevant = case law,=20 compilation of related scientific studies, and ELI's set of=20 jurisdictional checklists. 3D"Exit=20
  • Field=20 Operations Manual for Assessing the Hydrologic Permanence and = Ecological=20 Condition of Headwater Streams=20
  • NatureServe's Biodiversity=20 Values of Geographically Isolated Wetlands 3D"Exit=20
  • Special Issue of the Journal Wetlan= ds3D"Exit=20
  • Association of State Wetland Managers Report entitled The = SWANCC=20 Decision and State Regulations of Wetlands 3D"Exit=20
  • Ducks Unlimited Report entitled The=20 SWANCC Decision: Implications for Wetlands and = Waterfowl 3D"Exit=20
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report entitled Geographically=20 Isolated Wetlands: A Preliminary Assessment of their = Characteristics and=20 Status in Selected Areas of the United States 3D"Exit

Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking = (ANPRM)

  • Press=20 release: EPA and Army Corps announce decision to not issue a = new=20 rule on federal regulatory jurisdiction over isolated wetlands. = --=20 December 16, 2003
  • B= ackground=20 Information=20
  • ANPR= M=20 as issued in the Federal Register=20
  • Use = www.regulations.gov to=20 access ANPRM comments (Docket ID# EPA-HQ-OWOW-2002-0050) =

Legal Background

  • Te= xt=20 of the Supreme Court decision in Rapanos v. U.S. and = Carabell=20 v. U.S. - June 19, 2006 (PDF) (104 pp, 787K, About PDF)=20
  • Post-Rapanos=20 Caselaw on "Waters of the United States" (2 pp, 12K, About PDF)=20
  • Text = of=20 the Supreme Court decision in Solid Waste Agency of Northern = Cook=20 County v. U.S. Army Corps - January 9, 2001 (PDF) (41 = pp, 227K,=20 About PDF) =

General Information on Wetlands

 

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About the = Wetlands=20 Program | Helpline | Publications = | Espanol

 

EPA = Home | Privacy and = Security=20 Notice | Contact = Us

 

 

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